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World Englishes
World Englishes is a term for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in territories influenced by the United Kingdom or the United States. The study of World Englishes consists of identifying varieties of English used in diverse sociolinguistic contexts globally and analyzing how sociolinguistic histories, multicultural backgrounds and contexts of function influence the use of English in different regions of the world.
The issue of World Englishes was first raised in 1978 to examine concepts of regional Englishes globally. Pragmatic factors such as appropriateness, comprehensibility and interpretability justified the use of English as an international and intra-national language. In 1988, at a Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) conference in Honolulu, Hawaii, the International Committee of the Study of World Englishes (ICWE) was formed. In 1992, the ICWE formally launched the International Association for World Englishes (IAWE) at a conference of "World Englishes Today", at the University of Illinois, USA.〔International Association of World Englishes (), Retrieved on 18 November 2010.〕 There is now an academic journal devoted to the study of this topic, titled ''World Englishes''.〔http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-971X ''World Englishes'' journal website〕
Currently, there are approximately 75 territories where English is spoken either as a first language (L1) or as an unofficial or institutionalized second language (L2) in fields such as government, law and education. It is difficult to establish the total number of Englishes in the world, as new varieties of English are constantly being developed and discovered.〔Crystal, D. (2007). ''English as a Global Language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press〕
== World English vs. World Englishes vs. Global Englishes ==
The notions of World English and World Englishes are far from similar, although the terms are often mistakenly used interchangeably. ''World English'' refers to the English language as a lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy and other spheres of global activity, while ''World Englishes'' refers to the different varieties of English and English-based creoles developed in different regions of the world. Alternatively, the term ''Global Englishes'' has been used by scholars in the field to emphasise the more recent spread of English due to globalization, which has resulted in increased usage of English as a lingua franca.〔Galloway, N. & Rose, H. (2015). ''Introducing Global Englishes.'' Arbingdon, UK: Routledge〕〔Paradowski, M.B. 2013. Understanding English as a Lingua Franca: A Complete Introduction to the Theoretical Nature and Practical Implications of English used as a Lingua Franca. Barbara Seidlhofer. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 7(2) (Issue: English as a Lingua Franca. Implications for Translator and Interpreter Education ), 312–20 (article ). https://www.academia.edu/3318842/Barbara_Seidlhofer_Understanding_English_as_a_Lingua_Franca_A_Complete_Introduction_to_the_Theoretical_Nature_and_Practical_Implications_of_English_used_as_a_Lingua_Franca_Review_article_〕
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